Transitive and Intransitive Verb

Transitive Verb

A transitive verb is a verb that needs an object (someone or something) to complete its meaning. Without an object, the sentence feels incomplete or does not make full sense. In simple words, a transitive verb answers the question “what?” or “whom?” after the verb. For example: “She reads a book.” — here, “reads” is a transitive verb because it needs “a book” (object). Another example: “He eats an apple.” — “eats” needs “an apple” to complete the meaning. If we say “She reads” or “He eats” only, the listener will ask “what?”—so the verb is transitive.

हिंदी में, Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया) वह क्रिया होती है जिसे अपना अर्थ पूरा करने के लिए कर्म (object) की आवश्यकता होती है। बिना कर्म के वाक्य अधूरा लगता है। आसान शब्दों में, यह क्रिया “क्या?” या “किसे?” का उत्तर देती है। उदाहरण: “She reads a book.” — यहाँ “reads” सकर्मक क्रिया है क्योंकि इसे “a book” (कर्म) की जरूरत है। दूसरा उदाहरण: “He eats an apple.” — यहाँ “eats” को “an apple” चाहिए। अगर हम सिर्फ “She reads” या “He eats” कहें, तो सवाल आएगा “क्या?”—इसलिए यह Transitive Verb है।

To understand how the object receives the action, just follow one simple idea:
👉 The subject does the action, and the object gets the result of that action.
👉 After the verb, ask “what?” or “whom?” — the answer is the object that receives the action.

Examples (Easy to Understand)

1. Ram kicked the ball.
   👉 Ram (does the action)
   👉 kicked (action)
   👉 the ball (receives the action – it is kicked)
2. She is eating an apple.
   👉 She (does the action)
   👉 eating (action)
   👉 an apple (receives the action – it is eaten)
3. He opened the door.
   👉 He (does the action)
   👉 opened (action)
   👉 the door (receives the action – it is opened)
4. They built a house.
   👉 They (does the action)
   👉 built (action)
   👉 a house (receives the action – it is built)
5. I called my friend.
   👉 I (does the action)
   👉 called (action)
   👉 my friend (receives the action – he/she is called)

हिंदी में समझें

👉 Subject काम करता है और Object उस काम का असर लेता है।
👉 Verb के बाद “क्या?” या “किसे?” पूछो — जो उत्तर आए वही object है।

उदाहरण:

1. Ram kicked the ball.
   👉 Ram काम कर रहा है
   👉 ball पर असर पड़ा (उसे kick किया गया)
2. She is eating an apple.
   👉 She खा रही है
   👉 apple पर असर पड़ा (उसे खाया जा रहा है)
3. He opened the door.
   👉 He ने काम किया
   👉 door पर असर पड़ा (वह खोला गया)
4. They built a house.
   👉 They ने काम किया
   👉 house बना (उस पर काम हुआ)
5. I called my friend.
   👉 I ने call किया
   👉 friend ने action receive किया (उसे call किया गया)

Intransitive Verb

An intransitive verb is a verb that does not need an object to complete its meaning. The action happens by itself, and nothing receives the action. In simple words, after the verb, you do not ask “what?” or “whom?” For example: “The baby cried.” Here, “cried” is complete; we do not need any object. Another example: “She is sleeping.” The action is complete, and no object is needed. So, verbs like cry, sleep, laugh, go, come are intransitive verbs.

हिंदी में, Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया) वह क्रिया होती है जिसे अपना अर्थ पूरा करने के लिए किसी object (कर्म) की जरूरत नहीं होती। क्रिया अपने आप पूरी हो जाती है। सरल शब्दों में, क्रिया के बाद “क्या?” या “किसको?” पूछने पर कोई उत्तर नहीं मिलता। उदाहरण: “The baby cried.” यहाँ “cried” अपने आप में पूरा है। दूसरा उदाहरण: “She is sleeping.” इसमें भी कोई object नहीं है। इसलिए cry, sleep, laugh, go, come जैसी क्रियाएँ अकर्मक क्रियाएँ होती हैं।

1. The baby cried.
2. She laughed loudly.
3. He slept early.
4. They arrived late.
5. The sun rises in the east.

👉 In all these sentences, the verb is complete by itself and does not need any object.

हिंदी में:

1. बच्चा रोया।
2. वह जोर से हँसी।
3. वह जल्दी सो गया।
4. वे देर से पहुंचे।
5. सूरज पूर्व में उगता है।

👉 इन सभी वाक्यों में क्रिया को किसी भी कर्म (object) की जरूरत नहीं है, इसलिए ये Intransitive Verbs हैं।

 Mixed examples of transitive and intransitive verbs

1. She reads a book. (Transitive – “what?” → a book)
2. The baby cried loudly. (Intransitive – no object)
3. He kicked the ball. (Transitive – “what?” → the ball)
4. They are laughing. (Intransitive – no object)
5. I wrote a letter. (Transitive – “what?” → a letter)
6. The sun rises in the east. (Intransitive – no object)
7. She cooked food. (Transitive – “what?” → food)
8. The child slept peacefully. (Intransitive – no object)
9. We watched a movie. (Transitive – “what?” → a movie)
10. He runs fast. (Intransitive – no object)

हिंदी में समझें:

• Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया) → जिसके बाद “क्या?” या “किसको?” का उत्तर मिले
• Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया) → जिसके बाद कोई object न हो

ये उदाहरण दोनों प्रकार की क्रियाओं को आसानी से समझने में मदद करेंगे।