What is a Preposition? (English + Hindi)
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence. It usually tells us about place, time, direction, cause, or manner.
Preposition वह शब्द होता है जो संज्ञा (noun) या सर्वनाम (pronoun) का वाक्य के दूसरे शब्दों से संबंध बताता है। यह संबंध अक्सर स्थान, समय, दिशा, कारण या तरीके का होता है।
Example:
The book is on the table.
Here, on is a preposition. It shows the relationship between book and table (place).
किताब मेज़ पर है।
यहाँ पर (on) एक preposition का काम कर रहा है। यह किताब और मेज़ के बीच स्थान का संबंध बता रहा है।
Preposition “OF” — All Possible Uses with Examples
1. Showing Possession / Belonging
Used to show that something belongs to someone or something.
Structure: noun + of + noun
Examples:
The bag of the boy is blue.
The capital of India is New Delhi.
The color of this shirt is fading.
👉 Meaning: “का / के / की”
2. Showing Relationship
Used to show relationship between people or things.
Examples:
She is the sister of my friend.
He is a man of great courage.
The president of the company resigned.
3. Showing Part of a Whole
Used when something is a part of a larger whole.
Examples:
One of the students is absent.
Some of the milk was spilled.
Most of the people agreed.
4. Showing Material / Composition
Used to show what something is made of.
Examples:
This table is made of wood.
The ring is of gold.
The house is built of stone.
5. Showing Origin / Source
Used to show where someone or something comes from.
Examples:
He is a citizen of India.
She is of noble birth.
A man of this village won the prize.
6. Showing Cause / Reason
Used to show why something happens.
Examples:
He died of cancer.
She was trembling of fear.
The child cried of hunger.
7. Showing Quality / Characteristic
Used to describe a quality of a person or thing.
Examples:
She is a woman of honesty.
He is a boy of intelligence.
It was an act of kindness.
8. Showing Measurement / Quantity
Used with numbers, measurements, and quantities.
Examples:
A cup of tea
Two kilos of rice
A piece of advice
A lot of people
9. Showing Contents
Used to show what something contains.
Examples:
A bottle of water
A box of chocolates
A glass of milk
10. Showing Topic / Subject
Used to show what is being talked about.
Examples:
We spoke of your success.
He knows nothing of politics.
Tell me something of your plans.
11. Showing Separation / Removal
Used to show separation or removal.
Examples:
He was deprived of his rights.
The thief was robbed of his money.
She was cured of the disease.
12. Used After Certain Adjectives
Common adjectives followed by of:
Afraid of
Fond of
Proud of
Ashamed of
Tired of
Capable of
Full of
Short of
Examples:
She is afraid of dogs.
He is proud of his son.
I am tired of waiting.
13. Used After Certain Verbs
Common verbs followed by of:
Think of
Remind of
Consist of
Approve of
Dispose of
Die of
Examples:
I often think of my childhood.
This team consists of five members.
Do you approve of this plan?
14. Showing Distance / Direction (Formal Use)
Used in formal or literary English.
Examples:
South of Delhi
A mile east of the village
Within walking distance of the school
15. Used in Titles & Formal Expressions
Examples:
The King of England
The University of Delhi
The Board of Directors
The Department of Education
16. Used in Idiomatic Expressions
Examples:
Of course
Of late
Of no use
Of importance
Of value
Of help
Senten
This rule is of great importance.
Your advice was of help to me.
17. Showing Comparison (Older / Formal English)
Examples:
He is the best of all players.
This is the worst of all mistakes.
18. Showing Time (Rare / Formal)
Examples:
The first day of January
The end of the year
The middle of the night
Preposition “OFF” – All Possible Uses
1. Separation from a surface or object
Off shows that something is no longer touching or connected to a surface.
Examples:
The book fell off the table.
Please take your shoes off the bed.
He jumped off the wall.
2. Removal of something
Off is used when something is removed or taken away.
Examples:
Take off your jacket.
She wiped the dust off the shelf.
The guard pushed the crowd off the stage.
3. Distance away from a place or position
Off means away from a place, often slightly.
Examples:
The hotel is two kilometers off the highway.
Keep off the grass.
The village is just off the main road.
4. Disconnection (machines, devices, systems)
Off shows that something is not working or disconnected.
Examples:
Switch off the fan.
The lights are off.
The internet was off all night.
5. Starting point (movement away from)
Off indicates movement away from a starting point.
Examples:
The train took off from the platform.
He ran off the ground quickly.
She moved off the chair slowly.
6. Absence from duty or work
Off means not working or free from duty.
Examples:
He is off today.
She took two days off work.
The shop is off on Sunday.
7. Reduction or discount
Off shows a cut, reduction, or discount.
Examples:
The shop is offering 20% off.
The price was taken off the bill.
They knocked five hundred rupees off the cost.
8. Avoiding or stopping contact
Off means to stay away from or avoid.
Examples:
Keep off dangerous areas.
Stay off bad habits.
The doctor told him to keep off oily food.
9. Cause or source (especially food, money, income)
Off means coming from or supported by.
Examples:
He lives off his savings.
The baby survives off milk.
She earns money off online teaching.
10. Change of state (not in normal condition)
Off means not normal, not correct, or spoiled.
Examples:
The milk smells off.
His behavior was a bit off today.
Something feels off about this plan.
11. Completion or finishing
Off shows that something is completely done.
Examples:
She paid off her loan.
He finished off his work early.
The team wrapped off the project.
12. Prohibition or restriction
Off is used in warnings or rules.
Examples:
Smoking is off the premises.
That topic is off-limits.
Mobile phones are off during exams.
13. Comparison or measurement (taken from)
Off means measured from something.
Examples:
The village is five miles off the border.
The shop is just off the square.
14. Dependence or reliance
Off shows dependence on someone or something.
Examples:
He feeds off his parents.
The company profits off cheap labor.
They survive off farming.
15. Sudden movement or departure
Off indicates quick leaving or escape.
Examples:
The thief ran off.
The dog darted off suddenly.
She stormed off angrily.
All Possible Uses of the Preposition “FOR”
The preposition “for” is one of the most common and versatile prepositions in English. It is used to show purpose, reason, duration, benefit, exchange, destination, support, suitability, and many other meanings.
1. For – Purpose or Function
Used to show why something is done or what something is used for.
Examples:
This button is for emergency use.
She studies hard for success.
This road is for public transport only.
A pen is used for writing.
2. For – Duration of Time
Used to show how long an action continues.
Structure: for + period of time
Examples:
I have lived here for ten years.
He waited for two hours.
She has been studying for a long time.
They played for the whole day.
3. For – Reason or Cause
Used to show why something happened.
Examples:
He was punished for his mistake.
She is famous for her honesty.
The boy was rewarded for bravery.
He was arrested for theft.
4. For – Benefit or Advantage (In Favor Of)
Used to show who receives the benefit.
Examples:
This gift is for you.
She cooked food for her family.
The teacher did this for the students.
This rule is for everyone.
5. For – Intended Recipient
Used when something is meant to go to someone.
Examples:
I bought a book for my brother.
There is a letter for you.
This seat is for senior citizens.
6. For – Exchange, Price, or Value
Used to show what something is exchanged for.
Examples:
I bought this shirt for ₹500.
He sold his bike for a good price.
She exchanged her old phone for a new one.
I got this watch for free.
7. For – Destination or Direction
Used to show movement toward a place (especially with verbs like leave, go, start).
Examples:
They left for Delhi in the morning.
The train is heading for Mumbai.
He started for home late at night.
8. For – Support or Agreement
Used to show support, favor, or opinion.
Examples:
I am for this decision.
Are you for or against the plan?
Most people voted for him.
9. For – Suitability or Fitness
Used to show who or what something is suitable for.
Examples:
This movie is not for children.
She is perfect for this job.
This weather is good for farming.
10. For – Representation or On Behalf Of
Used when someone acts instead of someone else.
Examples:
I spoke for my friend.
The lawyer fought for his client.
He signed the document for his father.
11. For – Cause of Emotion or Reaction
Used to show the reason behind feelings.
Examples:
She is known for her kindness.
He was praised for his honesty.
I admire her for her courage.
12. For – Comparison or Standard
Used to show something is unusual or typical.
Examples:
He is tall for his age.
The room is small for a family.
She runs fast for a beginner.
13. For – In Place Of / Replacement
Used to mean instead of.
Examples:
I will speak for him today.
This plastic chair is for the wooden one.
He used honey for sugar.
14. For – Cause of Apology or Thanks
Used with apologize, sorry, thank.
Examples:
I apologize for the delay.
Sorry for the inconvenience.
Thank you for your help.
She thanked him for his support.
15. For – Preparation or Occasion
Used to show a specific event or purpose.
Examples:
They are preparing for the exam.
This dress is for the wedding.
The house is decorated for Diwali.
16. For – Concerning / About
Used to show topic or concern.
Examples:
This medicine is for headache.
He applied for the job.
I feel bad for her.
17. For – After Certain Verbs & Adjectives
Common verbs/adjectives followed by for:
wait for
ask for
look for
hope for
apply for
ready for
famous for
responsible for
Examples:
I am waiting for the bus.
She applied for the post.
He is responsible for the project.
18. For – Distance
Used to show length or distance.
Examples:
The road stretches for five kilometers.
We walked for miles.
All Possible Uses of the Preposition “Since”
1. “Since” for Point of Time (सबसे मुख्य उपयोग)
Use since to show the starting point of an action or state that continues till now. It is mainly used with Perfect Tenses.
Structure:
since + specific time / date / day / moment
Examples:
-
I have lived here since 2015.
She has been teaching English since Monday.
-
We have known each other since childhood.
-
He has not eaten anything since morning.
2. “Since” with Present Perfect Tense
Use since with has/have + V³ to show an action started in the past and continuing now.
Examples:
-
I have worked here since 2010.
She has not called me since last week.
-
They have completed many projects since January.
3. “Since” with Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Use since to show how long an action has been going on, starting at a fixed time.
Examples:
-
He has been studying English since 6 a.m.
We have been waiting here since morning.
-
She has been living in Delhi since her marriage.
Note:
👉 Since = starting point
👉 For = duration
4. “Since” used as Cause / Reason (क्योंकि)
In this case, since is not about time but about reason.
Examples:
-
Since it is raining, we will stay at home.
Since he was tired, he went to bed early.
-
Since you are here, let’s start the class.
Hindi Meaning:
👉 since = क्योंकि
5. “Since” used with Past Simple Tense
Sometimes since connects two past events.
Structure:
Present Perfect + since + Past Simple
Examples:
-
It has been years since I met him.
She has changed a lot since she joined the company.
-
We haven’t spoken since we left school.
6. “Since” with Negative Sentences
Used to show that something has not happened from a specific time till now.
Examples:
-
I have not seen him since last month.
She hasn’t eaten junk food since her illness.
-
They have not contacted us since the meeting.
7. “Since” in Questions
Used to ask about the starting time of an action.
Examples:
-
Since when have you been learning English?
Since when has she lived here?
-
Since when have they known each other?
8. “Since” used as a Preposition vs Conjunction
As a Preposition:
-
I have lived here since 2012.
(Followed by noun/time)
As a Conjunction:
-
I have been happy since I moved here.
(Followed by subject + verb)
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