What is a Preposition? (English + Hindi)
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence. It usually tells us about place, time, direction, cause, or manner.
Preposition वह शब्द होता है जो संज्ञा (noun) या सर्वनाम (pronoun) का वाक्य के दूसरे शब्दों से संबंध बताता है। यह संबंध अक्सर स्थान, समय, दिशा, कारण या तरीके का होता है।
Example:
The book is on the table.
Here, on is a preposition. It shows the relationship between book and table (place).
किताब मेज़ पर है।
यहाँ पर (on) एक preposition का काम कर रहा है। यह किताब और मेज़ के बीच स्थान का संबंध बता रहा है।
All Possible Uses of the Preposition IN
1. IN is used for PLACE (Inside / Enclosed Area)
Rule: Use in when something is inside a place, an enclosed space, or within boundaries.
Examples:
The keys are in the bag.
She is sitting in the room.
There is water in the bottle.
He lives in Delhi.
The students are in the classroom.
2. IN is used with COUNTRIES, CITIES, TOWNS, and AREAS
Rule: Use in with large locations like countries, cities, states, villages, and regions.
Examples:
He lives in India.
She was born in Jaipur.
They work in Rajasthan.
My uncle lives in a small village.
3. IN is used for TIME (Long Periods)
Rule: Use in for long periods of time such as months, years, centuries, seasons, and parts of the day.
a) With Months
She was born in January.
b) With Years
He graduated in 2022.
c) With Seasons
It rains in summer.
d) With Parts of the Day
I study in the morning.
He sleeps in the afternoon.
❌ Exception:
At night (not in night)
4. IN is used for FUTURE TIME (After a Period)
Rule: Use in to show something will happen after a certain time.
Examples:
I will call you in two hours.
The train will arrive in five minutes.
She will finish her work in a week.
5. IN is used for STATE or CONDITION
Rule: Use in to show emotional, mental, physical, or social condition.
Examples:
He is in love.
She is in a hurry.
The patient is in coma.
They are in confusion.
6. IN is used for DRESS, APPEARANCE, or STYLE
Rule: Use in to describe what someone is wearing or how something appears.
Examples:
The girl is in a red dress.
The policeman is in uniform.
She came in simple clothes.
7. IN is used for LANGUAGE
Rule: Use in to mention the language used.
Examples:
Please write this in English.
He spoke in Hindi.
The notice is written in French.
8. IN is used for MATERIAL or FORM
Rule: Use in to show the form, shape, or material.
Examples:
The statue is made in stone.
The letter was written in ink.
The answer was given in detail.
9. IN is used for FIELD, ACTIVITY, or INVOLVEMENT
Rule: Use in to show involvement in an activity, profession, or subject.
Examples:
He is interested in music.
She works in education.
He is expert in mathematics.
They are involved in social work.
10. IN is used for MANNER or WAY
Rule: Use in to describe how something is done.
Examples:
She spoke in a polite manner.
He answered in a loud voice.
The work was done in a hurry.
11. IN is used with ABSTRACT NOUNS
Rule: Use in with abstract ideas like belief, faith, confidence, doubt, etc.
Examples:
I believe in God.
She has confidence in her teacher.
He has faith in hard work.
12. IN is used for COMPARISON or RANGE
Rule: Use in to show selection or comparison within a group.
Examples:
He is the best in the class.
This is one of the tallest buildings in the city.
13. IN is used in FIXED EXPRESSIONS (Idiomatic Uses)
Common Expressions:
In fact
In general
In short
In time
In trouble
In advance
In public
In private
In charge
In detail
Examples:
In fact, he is very honest.
The teacher explained the topic in detail.
14. IN is used with MEANS OF TRANSPORT (Except On foot)
Rule: Use in with vehicles that you sit inside.
Examples:
She is travelling in a car.
They came in a bus.
He was sitting in a taxi.
❌ Exception:
On foot
On a bike
Preposition AT – All Possible Uses
The preposition “at” is mainly used to show a point, a specific place, a precise time, a target, or a condition. It does not show area or movement.
1. AT – Used for a Specific Point of Place
Use at when the place is seen as a point, not an area.
Examples
He is standing at the door.
She is at the bus stop.
I met him at the entrance.
The guard is at the gate.
2. AT – Used for Small or Exact Locations
Used for exact locations like buildings, addresses, or events.
Examples
She is at school.
He works at a hospital.
We stayed at a hotel.
Meet me at the cinema.
3. AT – Used with Events and Functions
When referring to an event as a point in time/place.
Examples
I met him at the party.
She spoke at the conference.
He performed at the wedding.
4. AT – Used for Specific Time
Used for exact or precise time.
Examples
The class starts at 10 a.m.
He arrived at midnight.
The train leaves at noon.
She called me at night.
5. AT – Used with Age
To show a particular age.
Examples
She started school at five.
He got married at 30.
She retired at the age of 60.
6. AT – Used for Price, Rate, Speed
Shows rate, price, or speed.
Examples
Apples are sold at ₹100 per kg.
He was driving at 80 km/h.
The interest rate is fixed at 10%.
7. AT – Used for Direction of Action (Target)
When an action is directed toward someone or something.
Examples
He shouted at the boy.
She smiled at me.
Don’t throw stones at animals.
The dog barked at the stranger.
8. AT – Used for Skill, Ability, or Activity
Shows ability or performance.
Examples
She is good at English.
He is bad at math.
She is excellent at singing.
9. AT – Used for Reaction or Condition
Shows emotional or mental state.
Examples
She was surprised at the news.
He laughed at the joke.
I am shocked at his behavior.
10. AT – Used with Expressions and Phrases
Common fixed expressions.
Examples
At present
At once
At last
At times
At first sight
At risk
At fault
At peace
At work
At home
11. AT – Used to Show Condition or Situation
Examples
The country is at war.
The machine is at rest.
He is at ease now.
12. AT – Used for Level or Stage
Examples
Prices are at a high level.
The project is at an early stage.
13. AT – Used in Idiomatic Expressions
Examples
At heart
At all costs
At a glance
At one time
At short notice
All Possible Uses of the Preposition “INTO”
Into shows movement, change, or transformation from one state/place/form to another.
1. Movement from outside to inside
Used when someone or something moves towards and enters a place.
Examples
He went into the room.
The cat jumped into the box.
She walked into the office confidently.
The boy ran into the classroom.
👉 Key idea: movement + entry
2. Change of position or direction
Used when direction changes and leads to contact or entry.
Examples
The car crashed into a tree.
She bumped into her old friend.
The ball rolled into the corner.
3. Transformation / Change of state
Used when something becomes something else.
Examples
Water turns into ice.
The caterpillar changes into a butterfly.
The boy grew into a responsible man.
The prince was turned into a frog (story context).
He cut the cake into four pieces.
She broke the stick into two parts.
The report was translated into English.
The old house was converted into a hotel.
Used to show strong interest or engagement.
Examples
She is really into music.
He is deeply into yoga and meditation.
These days, I am into blogging and SEO.
Used when someone starts something new.
Examples
He got into teaching.
She went into business.
The child was pushed into bad habits.
Used when one thing hits or touches forcefully.
Examples
The bike ran into a wall.
The truck smashed into the building.
He walked straight into a glass door.
Used for gradual emotional or psychological change.
Examples
She fell into depression.
He got into trouble.
The crowd went into a panic.
They were drawn into the argument.
Used to show deep examination.
Examples
The police looked into the matter.
We need to inquire into the issue.
4. Showing division of time or money
Used when something is divided or spent.
Examples
He put all his savings into the business.
She invested money into stocks.
Much effort was put into this project.
5. Indicating forced or unwilling involvement
Used when someone is pushed, forced, or trapped into something.
Examples
He was forced into marriage.
She was tricked into signing the papers.
The country was dragged into war.
All Possible Uses of the Preposition “TO”
The preposition “to” is one of the most commonly used words in English. It shows direction, destination, relationship, purpose, time, comparison, attachment, and response.
1. To show direction or destination
Used when someone or something moves towards a place or person.
Examples
I am going to school.
She went to Delhi yesterday.
The boy ran to his mother.
Send this letter to the principal.
2. To show a person who receives something
Used after verbs like give, send, show, tell, lend, offer, hand.
Examples
She gave a gift to me.
He told the truth to his teacher.
Please lend your book to Rahul.
She showed the photo to her friend.
3. To show relationship or connection
Shows how two people or things are related.
Examples
She is married to a doctor.
He is very kind to animals.
This house belongs to my uncle.
What is your relation to him?
4. To show position or closeness
Indicates nearness or attachment.
Examples
The chair is close to the table.
The village is next to the river.
The temple is attached to the school.
Sit next to me.
5. To show purpose or intention
Indicates why something is done.
Examples
This medicine is used to cure fever.
He shouted to warn the people.
She called me to ask for help.
We stopped to take rest.
6. To show time (before a specific point)
Used in telling time.
Examples
It is ten minutes to five.
The train will arrive at five minutes to six.
It is quarter to nine now.
7. To show limit or range
Used to show starting and ending points.
Examples
The temperature rose from 10°C to 40°C.
The shop is open from Monday to Friday.
The distance is five kilometers from here to the station.
8. To show comparison or preference
Used to compare two things.
Examples
I prefer tea to coffee.
She likes honesty to money.
This book is superior to that one.
Gold is heavier than silver, but more valuable to people.
9. To show reaction or attitude
Shows feelings or behavior towards someone or something.
Examples
He is rude to strangers.
She was polite to everyone.
The manager was harsh to the workers.
Be kind to animals.
10. To show change or transformation
Indicates a change from one state to another.
Examples
Water turns to ice in winter.
The caterpillar changes to a butterfly.
The prince was turned to stone.
The situation went from bad to worse.
11. To show attachment or joining
Used when something is fixed, tied, or joined.
Examples
Tie the horse to the tree.
The notice is pinned to the board.
The handle is attached to the door.
He was chained to the wall.
12. To show agreement or obedience
Used after certain nouns and adjectives.
Examples
He agreed to my plan.
She submitted to the rules.
The soldiers were loyal to the king.
He surrendered to the police.
13. To show ownership or belonging
Similar to “of” in some formal uses.
Examples
The key to the room is missing.
The solution to this problem is easy.
The answer to the question is correct.
Access to the building is restricted.
14. To show cause or reason
Indicates the reason behind something.
Examples
He died due to illness.
The match was cancelled due to rain.
She fainted due to heat.
(Here to works with expressions like “due to”, “owing to”)
15. To show destination of an action (abstract)
Not a physical place, but an abstract goal.
Examples
He was promoted to manager.
She was appointed to the post of teacher.
He was invited to the meeting.
The issue was brought to notice.
16. To show direction of behavior or action
Used with verbs like listen, speak, talk, complain, reply, apologize.
Examples
Listen to me carefully.
He spoke to the manager.
She apologized to her parents.
Reply to this email immediately.
17. To show proportion or ratio
Used in expressions of ratio.
Examples
The ratio of boys to girls is 2:1.
Water should be mixed in the ratio of 1 to 3.
The vote count was 5 to 2.
All Possible Uses of the Preposition “FROM”
The preposition from mainly shows origin, starting point, separation, source, cause, difference, and prevention. It answers questions like where from, when from, why from, and from whom.
1. From - Starting Point (Place)
Used to show the place where movement begins.
Examples
He came from Delhi.
This train runs from Jaipur to Mumbai.
She walked from the office to her home.
👉 Common pattern: from + place
2. From -Starting Point (Time)
Used to show the beginning of a time period.
Examples
The shop is open from 9 a.m.
He has been working here from Monday.
Classes will start from next week.
👉 Often used with to / till / until
3. From - Source / Origin
Used to show the source of something.
Examples
This juice is made from fresh oranges.
I got this idea from a book.
She borrowed money from her friend.
4. From - Separation / Distance
Used to show separation or distance between two things.
Examples
Keep this away from children.
The village is far from the city.
He separated himself from bad habits.
5. From - Cause / Reason
Used to show the cause of a condition or feeling.
Examples
He is suffering from fever.
She was tired from overwork.
The child cried from hunger.
6. From - Difference
Used to show how one thing is different from another.
Examples
This book is different from that one.
Your idea is completely different from mine.
Life in villages is different from city life.
7. From - Change of State
Used to show change from one condition to another.
Examples
The weather changed from hot to cold.
He went from poverty to success.
The boy turned from lazy to hardworking.
8. From - Removal / Prevention
Used to show protection or prevention.
Examples
The police saved the child from danger.
This medicine protects you from infection.
He stopped her from falling.
👉 Pattern: prevent / stop / save / protect + from
9. From - Material (Transformation)
Used when something is made by changing the original material.
Examples
Wine is made from grapes.
Paper is made from wood.
Plastic is made from petroleum.
⚠️ Difference:
-
made from → material changes
made of → material remains same
10. From - Point of View / Source of Information
Used to show where information comes from.
Examples
I heard this news from the radio.
According to me, from my point of view, this is right.
I learned English from my teacher.
11. From - Reason for Absence
Used to show absence or relief.
Examples
He was absent from school.
She is free from tension.
The patient is free from pain now.
12. From - Lower Limit (Range)
Used to show the minimum limit in a range.
Examples
Books cost from ₹200 to ₹500.
Children from 5 to 10 years can apply.
Temperatures range from 10°C to 40°C.
13. From - Origin of People
Used to show where a person belongs to.
Examples
He is from India.
Students from different states attended the seminar.
She comes from a poor family.
14. From - Cause of Emotion
Used to show why someone feels something.
Examples
She was happy from the result.
He trembled from fear.
They shouted from joy.
15. From - Distance in Space
Used to show how far something is.
Examples
The hotel is two kilometers from here.
The airport is far from the city.
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