Translation Exercises

Past Indefinite Tense

1. Affirmative Sentence (I)

I finished my work yesterday.
मैंने कल अपना काम पूरा किया।
Structure: Subject + V2 (Past form of verb) + Object + Time expression.
Part of Speech: I (Pronoun – Subject), finished (Main verb – Past form), my (Possessive adjective), work (Noun – Object), yesterday (Adverb of time).

2. Negative Sentence (You)

You did not complete the assignment on time.
तुमने समय पर असाइनमेंट पूरा नहीं किया।
Structure: Subject + did not + base verb + Object + Time expression.
Part of Speech: You (Pronoun – Subject), did (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb – Negation), complete (Main verb – Base form), the (Article), assignment (Noun – Object), on time (Adverbial phrase of time).

3. Interrogative Sentence (He)

Did he watch the movie last night?
क्या उसने कल रात फिल्म देखी?
Structure: Did + Subject + base verb + Object + Time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Did (Auxiliary verb), he (Pronoun – Subject), watch (Main verb – Base form), the (Article), movie (Noun – Object), last night (Adverb of time).

4. Interrogative Sentence (She)

Did she visit the temple yesterday?
क्या उसने कल मंदिर का दौरा किया?
Structure: Did + Subject + base verb + Object + Time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Did (Auxiliary verb), she (Pronoun – Subject), visit (Main verb – Base form), the (Article), temple (Noun – Object), yesterday (Adverb of time).

5. Negative Interrogative Sentence (It)

Did it not rain in the evening?
क्या शाम को बारिश नहीं हुई?
Structure: Did + Subject + not + base verb + Adverbial phrase + ?
Part of Speech: Did (Auxiliary verb), it (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb – Negation), rain (Main verb – Base form), in the evening (Adverbial phrase of time).

6. Affirmative Sentence (We)

We played cricket in the park yesterday.
हमने कल पार्क में क्रिकेट खेला।
Structure: Subject + V2 + Object + Place + Time expression.
Part of Speech: We (Pronoun – Subject), played (Main verb – Past form), cricket (Noun – Object), in (Preposition), the (Article), park (Noun – Place), yesterday (Adverb of time).

7. WH-Interrogative Sentence (They)

Why did they leave the meeting early?
उन्होंने मीटिंग जल्दी क्यों छोड़ी?
Structure: WH-word + did + Subject + base verb + Object + Adverb + ?
Part of Speech: Why (WH-Adverb), did (Auxiliary verb), they (Pronoun – Subject), leave (Main verb – Base form), the (Article), meeting (Noun – Object), early (Adverb of manner).

8. Negative Sentence (You – plural)

You did not understand the lesson yesterday.
तुम लोगों ने कल पाठ नहीं समझा।
Structure: Subject + did not + base verb + Object + Time expression.
Part of Speech: You (Pronoun – Subject), did (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb – Negation), understand (Main verb – Base form), the (Article), lesson (Noun – Object), yesterday (Adverb of time).

9. WH-Negative Interrogative Sentence (He)

Why did he not answer the question?
उसने प्रश्न का उत्तर क्यों नहीं दिया?
Structure: WH-word + did + Subject + not + base verb + Object + ?
Part of Speech: Why (WH-Adverb), did (Auxiliary verb), he (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb – Negation), answer (Main verb – Base form), the (Article), question (Noun – Object).

10. Negative Interrogative Sentence (They)

Did they not attend the class yesterday?
क्या उन्होंने कल कक्षा में उपस्थित नहीं हुए?
Structure: Did + Subject + not + base verb + Object + Time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Did (Auxiliary verb), they (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb – Negation), attend (Main verb – Base form), the (Article), class (Noun – Object), yesterday (Adverb of time).

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Affirmative Sentence (I)

I have been studying English for two hours.
मैं दो घंटे से अंग्रेज़ी पढ़ रहा हूँ।
Structure: Subject + has/have + been + verb-ing + object + time expression.
Part of Speech: I (Pronoun – Subject), have (Auxiliary verb), been (Auxiliary verb), studying (Main verb – Present participle), English (Noun – Object), for (Preposition), two hours (Noun phrase – Time expression).

2. Negative Sentence (We)

We have not been playing cricket since morning.
हम सुबह से क्रिकेट नहीं खेल रहे हैं।
Structure: Subject + has/have + not + been + verb-ing + object + time expression.
Part of Speech: We (Pronoun – Subject), have (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb – Negation), been (Auxiliary verb), playing (Main verb – Present participle), cricket (Noun – Object), since (Preposition), morning (Noun – Time expression).

3. Interrogative Sentence (You)

Have you been reading this book for a long time?
क्या तुम लंबे समय से यह किताब पढ़ रहे हो?
Structure: Have/Has + subject + been + verb-ing + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Have (Auxiliary verb), you (Pronoun – Subject), been (Auxiliary verb), reading (Main verb – Present participle), this (Demonstrative adjective), book (Noun – Object), for (Preposition), a long time (Noun phrase – Time expression).

4. Negative Interrogative Sentence (He)

Has he not been working in this company since 2020?
क्या वह 2020 से इस कंपनी में काम नहीं कर रहा है?
Structure: Has/Have + subject + not + been + verb-ing + object/place + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Has (Auxiliary verb), he (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb – Negation), been (Auxiliary verb), working (Main verb – Present participle), in (Preposition), this (Demonstrative adjective), company (Noun – Object), since (Preposition), 2020 (Time expression).

5. WH-Interrogative Sentence (She)

Why has she been crying for an hour?
वह एक घंटे से क्यों रो रही है?
Structure: WH word + has/have + subject + been + verb-ing + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Why (Interrogative adverb), has (Auxiliary verb), she (Pronoun – Subject), been (Auxiliary verb), crying (Main verb – Present participle), for (Preposition), an hour (Noun phrase – Time expression).

6. Negative WH-Interrogative Sentence (They)

Why have they not been attending the class regularly?
वे नियमित रूप से कक्षा में क्यों नहीं आ रहे हैं?
Structure: WH word + has/have + subject + not + been + verb-ing + object + adverb + ?
Part of Speech: Why (Interrogative adverb), have (Auxiliary verb), they (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb – Negation), been (Auxiliary verb), attending (Main verb – Present participle), the (Article), class (Noun – Object), regularly (Adverb).

7. Affirmative Sentence (It)

It has been raining since morning.
सुबह से बारिश हो रही है।
Structure: Subject + has/have + been + verb-ing + time expression.
Part of Speech: It (Pronoun – Subject), has (Auxiliary verb), been (Auxiliary verb), raining (Main verb – Present participle), since (Preposition), morning (Noun – Time expression).

8. Interrogative Sentence (He)

Has he been practicing English for three months?
क्या वह तीन महीनों से अंग्रेज़ी का अभ्यास कर रहा है?
Structure: Has/Have + subject + been + verb-ing + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Has (Auxiliary verb), he (Pronoun – Subject), been (Auxiliary verb), practicing (Main verb – Present participle), English (Noun – Object), for (Preposition), three months (Noun phrase – Time expression).

9. Negative Sentence (She)

She has not been sleeping well these days.
वह इन दिनों अच्छी तरह नहीं सो रही है।
Structure: Subject + has/have + not + been + verb-ing + adverb + time expression.
Part of Speech: She (Pronoun – Subject), has (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb – Negation), been (Auxiliary verb), sleeping (Main verb – Present participle), well (Adverb), these (Determiner), days (Noun – Time expression).

10. Negative WH-Interrogative Sentence (You)
Why have you not been completing your homework on time?
तुम समय पर अपना होमवर्क क्यों पूरा नहीं कर रहे हो?
Structure: WH word + has/have + subject + not + been + verb-ing + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Why (Interrogative adverb), have (Auxiliary verb), you (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb – Negation), been (Auxiliary verb), completing (Main verb – Present participle), your (Possessive adjective), homework (Noun – Object), on time (Adverbial phrase).

Present Perfect Tense

1. Affirmative Sentence (I)

I have completed my homework today.
मैंने आज अपना गृहकार्य पूरा कर लिया है।
Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle + object + time expression.
Part of Speech: I (Pronoun – Subject), have (Auxiliary verb), completed (Main verb – Past participle), my (Possessive adjective), homework (Noun – Object), today (Adverb of time).

2. Negative Sentence (We)

We have not finished the project yet.
हमने अभी तक परियोजना समाप्त नहीं की है।
Structure: Subject + has/have + not + past participle + object + time expression.
Part of Speech: We (Pronoun – Subject), have (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb of negation), finished (Main verb – Past participle), the (Article), project (Noun – Object), yet (Adverb of time).

3. Interrogative Sentence (You)

Have you watched this movie before?
क्या तुमने यह फ़िल्म पहले देखी है?
Structure: Have/Has + subject + past participle + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Have (Auxiliary verb), you (Pronoun – Subject), watched (Main verb – Past participle), this (Demonstrative adjective), movie (Noun – Object), before (Adverb of time).

4. Negative Interrogative Sentence (He)

Has he not completed his assignment yet?
क्या उसने अभी तक अपना असाइनमेंट पूरा नहीं किया है?
Structure: Has/Have + subject + not + past participle + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Has (Auxiliary verb), he (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb of negation), completed (Main verb – Past participle), his (Possessive adjective), assignment (Noun – Object), yet (Adverb of time).

5. WH-Interrogative Sentence (She)

Why has she left the office early?
उसने दफ्तर जल्दी क्यों छोड़ा है?
Structure: Wh-word + has/have + subject + past participle + object + adverb + ?
Part of Speech: Why (Interrogative adverb), has (Auxiliary verb), she (Pronoun – Subject), left (Main verb – Past participle), the (Article), office (Noun – Object), early (Adverb).

6. WH Negative Interrogative Sentence (They)

Why have they not submitted the report yet?
उन्होंने अभी तक रिपोर्ट क्यों जमा नहीं की है?
Structure: Wh-word + has/have + subject + not + past participle + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Why (Interrogative adverb), have (Auxiliary verb), they (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb of negation), submitted (Main verb – Past participle), the (Article), report (Noun – Object), yet (Adverb of time).

7. Affirmative Sentence (It)

It has become very cold today.
आज बहुत ठंड हो गई है।
Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle + complement + time expression.
Part of Speech: It (Pronoun – Subject), has (Auxiliary verb), become (Main verb – Past participle), very (Adverb of degree), cold (Adjective – Complement), today (Adverb of time).

8. Interrogative Sentence (You – plural)

Have you completed your tasks today?
क्या आप लोगों ने आज अपने कार्य पूरे कर लिए हैं?
Structure: Has/Have + subject + past participle + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Have (Auxiliary verb), you (Pronoun – Subject), completed (Main verb – Past participle), your (Possessive adjective), tasks (Noun – Object), today (Adverb of time).

9. Negative Sentence (She)

She has not answered my question yet.
उसने अभी तक मेरे प्रश्न का उत्तर नहीं दिया है।
Structure: Subject + has/have + not + past participle + object + time expression.
Part of Speech: She (Pronoun – Subject), has (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb of negation), answered (Main verb – Past participle), my (Possessive adjective), question (Noun – Object), yet (Adverb of time).

10. WH Negative Interrogative Sentence (He)

Why has he not called me today?
उसने आज मुझे फोन क्यों नहीं किया है?
Structure: Wh-word + has/have + subject + not + past participle + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Why (Interrogative adverb), has (Auxiliary verb), he (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb of negation), called (Main verb – Past participle), me (Pronoun – Object), today (Adverb of time).

Present Continuous Tense

1. Affirmative Sentence (I)

I am reading an English book now.
मैं अभी एक अंग्रेज़ी की किताब पढ़ रहा हूँ।
Structure: Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing + object + time expression.
Part of Speech: I (Pronoun – Subject), am (Auxiliary verb), reading (Main verb – present participle), an (Article), English (Adjective), book (Noun – Object), now (Adverb of time).

2. Negative Sentence (You)

You are not listening to the teacher carefully.
तुम शिक्षक की बात ध्यान से नहीं सुन रहे हो।
Structure: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing + object.
Part of Speech: You (Pronoun – Subject), are (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb of negation), listening (Main verb – present participle), to (Preposition), the (Article), teacher (Noun – Object), carefully (Adverb of manner).

3. Interrogative Sentence (He)

Is he playing cricket in the field?
क्या वह मैदान में क्रिकेट खेल रहा है?
Structure: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing + object + place?
Part of Speech: Is (Auxiliary verb), he (Pronoun – Subject), playing (Main verb – present participle), cricket (Noun – Object), in (Preposition), the (Article), field (Noun – Place).

4. Interrogative Sentence (She)

Is she writing a letter to her friend?
क्या वह अपने मित्र को पत्र लिख रही है?
Structure: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing + object?
Part of Speech: Is (Auxiliary verb), she (Pronoun – Subject), writing (Main verb – present participle), a (Article), letter (Noun – Object), to (Preposition), her (Possessive adjective), friend (Noun).

5. Negative Sentence (It)

It is not working properly today.
यह आज ठीक से काम नहीं कर रहा है।
Structure: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing + adverb.
Part of Speech: It (Pronoun – Subject), is (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb of negation), working (Main verb – present participle), properly (Adverb of manner), today (Adverb of time).

6. Affirmative Sentence (We)

We are learning new English words today.
हम आज नए अंग्रेज़ी शब्द सीख रहे हैं।
Structure: Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing + object + time expression.
Part of Speech: We (Pronoun – Subject), are (Auxiliary verb), learning (Main verb – present participle), new (Adjective), English (Adjective), words (Noun – Object), today (Adverb of time).

7. Interrogative Sentence (They)

Are they watching a movie together?
क्या वे साथ में एक फ़िल्म देख रहे हैं?
Structure: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing + object + adverb?
Part of Speech: Are (Auxiliary verb), they (Pronoun – Subject), watching (Main verb – present participle), a (Article), movie (Noun – Object), together (Adverb).

8. WH-Interrogative Sentence (He)

Why is he talking loudly in the classroom?
वह कक्षा में ज़ोर से क्यों बोल रहा है?
Structure: WH word + am/is/are + subject + verb-ing + place?
Part of Speech: Why (WH-Adverb), is (Auxiliary verb), he (Pronoun – Subject), talking (Main verb – present participle), loudly (Adverb of manner), in (Preposition), the (Article), classroom (Noun – Place).

9. Negative Interrogative Sentence (She)

Is she not preparing for the exam today?
क्या वह आज परीक्षा की तैयारी नहीं कर रही है?
Structure: Am/Is/Are + subject + not + verb-ing + object + time?
Part of Speech: Is (Auxiliary verb), she (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb of negation), preparing (Main verb – present participle), for (Preposition), the (Article), exam (Noun – Object), today (Adverb of time).

10. WH-Negative Interrogative Sentence (They)

Why are they not coming to the meeting now?
वे अभी बैठक में क्यों नहीं आ रहे हैं?
Structure: WH word + am/is/are + subject + not + verb-ing + object + time?
Part of Speech: Why (WH-Adverb), are (Auxiliary verb), they (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb of negation), coming (Main verb – present participle), to (Preposition), the (Article), meeting (Noun – Object), now (Adverb of time).

Present Indefinite Tense

1. Affirmative Sentence (I)

I play cricket every evening.
मैं हर शाम क्रिकेट खेलता हूँ।
Structure: Subject + base verb + object + time expression.
Part of Speech: I (Pronoun – Subject), play (Main verb), cricket (Noun – Object), every (Adjective), evening (Noun – Time expression).

2. Negative Sentence (You)

You do not understand the lesson.
तुम पाठ को नहीं समझते हो।
Structure: Subject + do/does + not + base verb + object.
Part of Speech: You (Pronoun – Subject), do (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb of negation), understand (Main verb), the (Article), lesson (Noun – Object).

3. Affirmative Sentence (He)

He reads the newspaper every morning.
वह हर सुबह अखबार पढ़ता है।
Structure: Subject + base verb (s/es) + object + time expression.
Part of Speech: He (Pronoun – Subject), reads (Main verb), the (Article), newspaper (Noun – Object), every (Adjective), morning (Noun – Time expression).

4. Negative Sentence (She)

She does not like spicy food.
वह मसालेदार खाना पसंद नहीं करती है।
Structure: Subject + does + not + base verb + object.
Part of Speech: She (Pronoun – Subject), does (Auxiliary verb), not (Adverb of negation), like (Main verb), spicy (Adjective), food (Noun – Object).

5. Interrogative Sentence (We)

Do we follow the rules in the class?
क्या हम कक्षा में नियमों का पालन करते हैं?
Structure: Do/Does + subject + base verb + object + ?
Part of Speech: Do (Auxiliary verb), we (Pronoun – Subject), follow (Main verb), the (Article), rules (Noun – Object), in (Preposition), the (Article), class (Noun).

6. Negative Interrogative Sentence (They)

Do they not respect their teachers?
क्या वे अपने शिक्षकों का सम्मान नहीं करते हैं?
Structure: Do/Does + subject + not + base verb + object + ?
Part of Speech: Do (Auxiliary verb), they (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb of negation), respect (Main verb), their (Possessive adjective), teachers (Noun – Object).

7. WH-Interrogative Sentence (It)

Why does it make a loud noise at night?
यह रात में तेज़ आवाज़ क्यों करता है?
Structure: WH-word + does/do + subject + base verb + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Why (Interrogative adverb), does (Auxiliary verb), it (Pronoun – Subject), make (Main verb), a (Article), loud (Adjective), noise (Noun – Object), at (Preposition), night (Noun – Time).

8. WH-Negative Interrogative Sentence (You)

Why do you not complete your homework on time?
तुम अपना गृहकार्य समय पर क्यों नहीं पूरा करते हो?
Structure: WH-word + do/does + subject + not + base verb + object + time expression + ?
Part of Speech: Why (Interrogative adverb), do (Auxiliary verb), you (Pronoun – Subject), not (Adverb of negation), complete (Main verb), your (Possessive adjective), homework (Noun – Object), on (Preposition), time (Noun).

9. Affirmative Sentence (They)

They watch educational videos on YouTube.
वे यूट्यूब पर शैक्षिक वीडियो देखते हैं।
Structure: Subject + base verb + object + place expression.
Part of Speech: They (Pronoun – Subject), watch (Main verb), educational (Adjective), videos (Noun – Object), on (Preposition), YouTube (Proper noun – Place/platform).

10. WH-Interrogative Sentence (She)

Where does she teach English?
वह अंग्रेज़ी कहाँ पढ़ाती है?
Structure: WH-word + does + subject + base verb + object + ?
Part of Speech: Where (Interrogative adverb), does (Auxiliary verb), she (Pronoun – Subject), teach (Main verb), English (Noun – Object).