Present Perfect Continuous

 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (वर्तमान पूर्ण निरंतर काल)

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the present, or has just stopped but its effect is visible now. It often emphasizes the duration of the action.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense का प्रयोग उस कार्य के लिए किया जाता है जो भूतकाल में शुरू हुआ था और वर्तमान समय तक लगातार चल रहा है, या अभी-अभी समाप्त हुआ है लेकिन उसका प्रभाव अभी भी मौजूद है।

इस tense की पहचान हिंदी में “से + रहा है / रही है / रहे हैं” से होती है।

Sentence Structures: 

1. Affirmative (सकारात्मक)
Subject + has / have + been + verb (ing) + since / for

2. Negative (नकारात्मक)
Subject + has / have + not + been + verb (ing) + since / for

3. Interrogative (प्रश्नवाचक)
Wh + Has / Have + subject + been + verb (ing) + since / for?

4. Negative Interrogative (नकारात्मक प्रश्नवाचक)
Wh + Has / Have + subject + not + been + verb (ing) + since / for?

Hindi Identification (पहचान)

“से + रहा है / रही है / रहे हैं”

1. रहा है → He / I / singular masculine

2. रही है → She / singular feminine

3. रहे हैं → They / plural

Use of SINCE

Since is used to show the starting point of an action in the past.

Examples:

1. He had been studying since morning.

2. She had been living here since 2015.

3. They had been waiting since 10 o’clock.

4. I had been teaching English since last year.

Use of FOR

For is used to show the duration of time (period of time) of an action in the past.

Examples:

1. He had been studying for two hours.

2. She had been living here for five years.

3. They had been waiting for a long time.

4. I had been teaching English for three years.

Note: There is a simple trick that if a time can be counted like 2 years, 2 months, 2 weeks, 2 minutes, 2 seconds etc. then you can consider that "for " will be used else "since".

Hindi Example Sentences with English Translation

1. Affirmative (सकारात्मक वाक्य)

वह दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा है।
He has been studying for two hours.

मैं सुबह से काम कर रहा हूँ।
I have been working since morning.

वे पाँच साल से यहाँ रह रहे हैं।
They have been living here for five years.

वह 2019 से स्कूल में पढ़ा रही है।
She has been teaching in the school since 2019.

2. Negative (नकारात्मक वाक्य)

वह दो घंटे से पढ़ नहीं रहा है।
He has not been studying for two hours.

मैं सुबह से काम नहीं कर रहा हूँ।
I have not been working since morning.

वे पिछले हफ्ते से अभ्यास नहीं कर रहे हैं।
They have not been practicing since last week.

वह कल से मुझसे बात नहीं कर रही है।
She has not been talking to me since yesterday.

3. Interrogative (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)

क्या वह दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा है?
Has he been studying for two hours?

क्या तुम सुबह से इंतज़ार कर रहे हो?
Have you been waiting since morning?

क्या वे कई दिनों से यहाँ रह रहे हैं?
Have they been staying here for many days?

क्या वह 2020 से इस कंपनी में काम कर रही है?
Has she been working in this company since 2020?

4. Negative Interrogative (नकारात्मक प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)

क्या वह दो घंटे से पढ़ नहीं रहा है?
Has he not been studying for two hours?

क्या तुम सुबह से काम नहीं कर रहे हो?
Have you not been working since morning?

क्या वे पिछले महीने से अभ्यास नहीं कर रहे हैं?
Have they not been practicing since last month?

क्या वह सुबह से मेरा इंतज़ार नहीं कर रही है?
Has she not been waiting for me since morning?

Interrogative (WH-Questions) – Present Perfect Continuous

WH-word + have/has + subject + been + V1+ing + since/for + etc.?

Examples:

1. What have you been doing all morning?
   तुम सारा सुबह क्या कर रहे हो?

2. Where has she been working recently?
   वह हाल ही में कहाँ काम कर रही है?

3. Why have they been arguing so much?
   वे इतने ज्यादा क्यों बहस कर रहे हैं?

4. Who has been calling you all day?
   पूरे दिन तुम्हें कौन कॉल कर रहा है?

5. How long have we been waiting for the bus?
   हम बस का इंतजार कितने समय से कर रहे हैं?

Negative Interrogative (WH-Questions) – Present Perfect Continuous

WH-word + haven’t/hasn’t + subject + been + V1+ing + ?

Examples:

1. Why haven’t you been studying for the exam?
   तुम परीक्षा की पढ़ाई क्यों नहीं कर रहे हो?

2. Who hasn’t been attending the classes regularly?
   कौन नियमित रूप से कक्षाओं में नहीं आ रहा है?

3. What haven’t they been doing properly?
   उन्होंने क्या सही तरीके से नहीं किया है?

4. Where hasn’t she been going recently?
   वह हाल ही में कहाँ नहीं जा रही है?

5. How long haven’t we been using this method?
   हम इस तरीके का उपयोग कितने समय से नहीं कर रहे हैं?

Hindi to English Translation with Explanation:

1. मैं दो घंटे से काम कर रहा हूँ।
   I have been working for two hours.
   Explanation: Subject “I” is singular, so “have been” is used. Present perfect continuous tense uses have/has been + verb-ing to show an action that started in the past and is still continuing.

2. वह सुबह से पढ़ रहा है।
   He has been studying since morning.
   Explanation: Subject “He” is singular third person, so “has been” is used. The verb is in ing form because the action is continuous.

3. वे कई सालों से इस शहर में रह रहे हैं।
   They have been living in this city for many years.
   Explanation: Subject “They” is plural, so “have been” is used. The sentence shows duration, so present perfect continuous tense is correct.

4. हम तुम्हारा इंतज़ार नहीं कर रहे हैं।
   We have not been waiting for you.
   Explanation: Subject “We” is plural, so “have been” is used. “Not” makes the sentence negative. Verb remains in ing form.

5. वह पिछले एक हफ्ते से काम नहीं कर रहा है।
   He has not been working for the last one week.
   Explanation: Subject “He” is singular, so “has been” is used. Negative form is made by adding “not”.

6. क्या मैं सही दिशा में मेहनत कर रहा हूँ?
   Have I been working in the right direction?
   Explanation: Subject “I” takes “have been”. In interrogative sentences, “have” comes before the subject.

7. क्या वह देर से सो रहा है?
   Has he been sleeping late?
   Explanation: Subject “He” is singular, so “has been” is used. In questions, “has” is placed before the subject.

8. क्या वे तुम्हें फोन नहीं कर रहे हैं?
   Have they not been calling you?
   Explanation: Subject “They” is plural, so “have been” is used. This is a negative interrogative sentence, so “not” is used after the subject.

9. क्या वह तुम्हें सच नहीं बता रहा है?
   Has he not been telling you the truth?
   Explanation: Subject “He” is singular, so “has been” is used. The verb is in ing form to show an ongoing action.

10. राम और श्याम सुबह से खेल रहे हैं।
    Ram and Shyam have been playing since morning.
    Explanation: Compound subject is plural, so “have been” is used. The action started in the past and is still continuing.

11. मेरी बहन कई दिनों से मुझसे बात कर रही है।
    My sister has been talking to me for many days.
    Explanation: Subject “My sister” is singular, so “has been” is used. Continuous action is shown by verb-ing.

12. बच्चे शोर नहीं मचा रहे हैं।
    The children have not been making noise.
    Explanation: Subject “The children” is plural, so “have been” is used. Negative sentence uses “not”.

13. क्या तुम्हारा दोस्त तुम्हारी मदद कर रहा है?
    Has your friend been helping you?
    Explanation: Subject “Your friend” is singular, so “has been” is used. Question form starts with “has”.

14. क्या हम पिछले महीने से यह कोर्स नहीं कर रहे हैं?
    Have we not been doing this course since last month?
    Explanation: Subject “We” is plural, so “have been” is used. This is a negative interrogative sentence.

15. वह लंबे समय से सच बोल रहा है।
    He has been speaking the truth for a long time.
    Explanation: Subject “He” is singular, so “has been” is used. Present perfect continuous tense shows an action continuing over a period of time.

Common Adverb of Time

now (अभी)
इस समय चल रहे काम को बताने के लिए।
I am studying now.
She is talking now.

right now (अभी इसी समय)
बिल्कुल इसी पल हो रहे काम को बताने के लिए।
He is working right now.
They are waiting right now.

at the moment (इस समय)
वर्तमान क्षण में हो रही गतिविधि के लिए।
She is cooking at the moment.
I am speaking to my teacher at the moment.

currently (वर्तमान में)
औपचारिक रूप से अभी चल रही स्थिति बताने के लिए।
He is currently living in Delhi.
They are currently preparing for exams.

these days (इन दिनों)
अस्थायी वर्तमान समय की आदत या काम बताने के लिए।
I am reading English newspapers these days.
She is taking online classes these days.

nowadays (आजकल)
वर्तमान समय की सामान्य प्रवृत्ति बताने के लिए।
People are using smartphones more nowadays.
Students are learning online nowadays.

today (आज)
आज के दिन में चल रहे काम के लिए।
I am feeling tired today.
We are practicing grammar today.

this week (इस हफ्ते)
इस सप्ताह के दौरान चल रही गतिविधि के लिए।
She is working from home this week.
I am preparing notes this week.

this month (इस महीने)
इस महीने में अस्थायी रूप से चल रहे काम के लिए।
He is learning spoken English this month.
They are visiting relatives this month.

this year (इस साल)
इस वर्ष में चल रही प्रक्रिया या योजना के लिए।
I am preparing for competitive exams this year.
She is focusing on her career this year.

presently (वर्तमान में)
औपचारिक अंग्रेज़ी में अभी की स्थिति बताने के लिए।
The manager is meeting clients presently.
The teacher is explaining the topic presently.

for the time being (अभी के लिए)
कुछ समय के लिए चल रही अस्थायी स्थिति बताने के लिए।
I am staying here for the time being.
He is working online for the time being.

at present (वर्तमान समय में)
इस समय की स्थिति बताने के लिए।
She is teaching online at present.
We are living in Jaipur at present.

still (अब भी)
काम के जारी रहने को दिखाने के लिए।
He is still waiting for the bus.
She is still studying.

temporarily (अस्थायी रूप से)
थोड़े समय के लिए चल रही स्थिति बताने के लिए।
They are living here temporarily.
He is working temporarily as a teacher.

1. Actions happening right now

Used to show an activity taking place at the moment of speaking.
"बोलते समय हो रही किसी गतिविधि को दिखाने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।"

Examples:

1. I am reading a grammar book right now.

2. She is cooking food in the kitchen at the moment.

3. They are playing cricket in the park now.

4. We are learning English grammar right now.

5. He is watching a movie at this moment.

2. Actions happening around the present time (not exactly now)

Used for temporary situations.
"अस्थायी परिस्थितियों के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।"

Examples:

1. She is preparing for her final exams this week.

2. They are working on a new project these days.

3. He is staying with his uncle for a few days.

4. We are practicing spoken English this month.

3. Future plans and arrangements

Used for fixed plans in the near future.
निकट भविष्य में तय योजनाओं के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।

Examples:

1. I am meeting my English teacher tomorrow.

2. She is travelling to Delhi next week.

3. We are starting our new English course on Monday.

4. He is attending an online interview this evening.

5. They are visiting their relatives this weekend.

Important Tip

In this use, the time reference (tomorrow, next week, this evening, etc.) is very important.
Without a future time, the sentence may sound like a present action.

4. Changing or developing situations

Used to describe actions or situations that are gradually changing.
धीरे-धीरे बदलती हुई क्रियाओं या परिस्थितियों का वर्णन करने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाता है।

Examples:

1. The weather is getting colder day by day.

2. Technology is changing our lives very fast.

3. Prices are rising because of inflation.

4. Her English is improving with regular practice.

5. People are becoming more aware of their health.

5. Repeated actions with “always” (often complaining)

Used for actions that happen again and again, usually with irritation.
बार-बार होने वाले क्रियाओं के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है, आमतौर पर चिढ़ या नाराजगी के साथ।

Examples:

1. He is always complaining about his job.

2. She is always forgetting her keys.

3. You are always interrupting me when I speak.

4. My brother is always making noise at night.

5. They are always arguing over small things.

6. Temporary habits

When someone has a temporary routine.
जब किसी का अस्थायी दिनचर्या हो

Examples:

1. I am waking up very early these days because of my exams.

2. She is eating a lot of junk food these days.

3. They are working from home this month.

4. He is spending too much time on his phone these days.

5. We are practicing English regularly these days.

Note:

Words like these days, nowadays, this week, this month, currently often show temporary habits in the Present Continuous Tense.

Translation Exercises 

1. मैं दो घंटे से पढ़ाई कर रहा हूँ।

2. वह पिछले तीन घंटों से सो रही है।

3. हम कई दिनों से इंतजार कर रहे हैं।

4. उन्होंने सुबह से खाना नहीं खाया है।

5. तुम पिछले महीने से व्यायाम कर रहे हो।

6. क्या वह किताब लिख रही है?

7. क्या तुम लंबे समय से इस गीत को गा रहे हो?

8. क्या वे काम नहीं कर रहे हैं?

9. क्या मैंने तुम्हारी मदद नहीं की है?

10. राम और श्याम पिछले एक घंटे से खेल रहे हैं।

11. मेरी बहन सुबह से टीवी देख रही है।

12. मैं पिछले पांच दिनों से अच्छा महसूस नहीं कर रहा हूँ।

13. क्या तुम्हारा दोस्त मुझसे बात कर रहा है?

14. क्या वह पिछले साल से पढ़ाई नहीं कर रहा है?

15. बच्चे दोपहर से शोर मचा रहे हैं।

16. क्या मैं सही दिशा में काम कर रहा हूँ?

17. क्या उन्होंने लंबे समय से खाना नहीं बनाया है?

18. उसने पिछले एक घंटे से गाना नहीं गाया है।

19. हम सभी सप्ताह से परियोजना पर काम कर रहे हैं।

20. क्या आप हाल ही में नया प्रोजेक्ट शुरू कर रहे हैं?

Answer Key

1. I have been studying for two hours.

2. She has been sleeping for the last three hours.

3. We have been waiting for many days.

4. They have not been eating since morning.

5. You have been exercising since last month.

6. Has she been writing the book?

7. Have you been singing this song for a long time?

8. Have they not been working?

9. Have I not been helping you?

10. Ram and Shyam have been playing for the last one hour.

11. My sister has been watching TV since morning.

12. I have not been feeling well for the last five days.

13. Has your friend been talking to me?

14. Has he not been studying since last year?

15. The children have been making noise since noon.

16. Have I been working in the right direction?

17. Have they not been cooking for a long time?

18. He has not been singing for the last one hour.

19. We have been working on the project all week.

20. Have you been starting a new project recently?