Conjunction - Definition, Structure, Rules, Examples & Exercises | EnglishEraWithAmitPoonia

What is a Conjunction? (संयोजक क्या होता है?)

A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, clauses, or sentences together.
Conjunction (संयोजक) वह शब्द होता है जो दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों, वाक्यांशों या वाक्यों को जोड़ता है।

Examples:

1. Ram and Shyam are friends.

2. I was tired but I continued working.

Types of Conjunction (संयोजक के प्रकार)

There are three main types of conjunctions in English grammar.

1. Coordinating Conjunction (समन्वय संयोजक)

Coordinating conjunctions join two words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance.
जो संयोजक समान महत्व वाले शब्दों या वाक्यों को जोड़ते हैं, उन्हें Coordinating Conjunction कहते हैं।

List (FANBOYS):

1. F – For

2. A – And

3. N – Nor

4. B – But

5. O – Or

6. Y – Yet

7. S – So

Examples:

1. I like tea and coffee.
   मुझे चाय और कॉफी पसंद है।

2. He is poor but honest.
   वह गरीब है लेकिन ईमानदार है।

3. Hurry up or you will be late.
   जल्दी करो नहीं तो तुम देर से पहुँचोगे।

2. Subordinating Conjunction (अधीनस्थ संयोजक)

Subordinating conjunctions join a dependent clause to an independent clause.
जो संयोजक मुख्य वाक्य को आश्रित (dependent) वाक्य से जोड़ते हैं, उन्हें Subordinating Conjunction कहते हैं।

Common Subordinating Conjunctions:

because, although, though, if, when, while, before, after, since, unless, until, that

Examples:

1. I stayed at home because it was raining.
   मैं घर पर रहा क्योंकि बारिश हो रही थी।

2. Although he is rich, he is unhappy.
   हालाँकि वह अमीर है, फिर भी वह खुश नहीं है।

3. You will pass if you work hard.
   तुम पास हो जाओगे यदि तुम मेहनत करोगे।

3. Correlative Conjunction (सहसंबंधी संयोजक)

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join equal elements in a sentence.
जो संयोजक जोड़े (pairs) में प्रयोग होते हैं, उन्हें Correlative Conjunction कहते हैं।

Common Pairs:

1. both … and

2. either … or

3. neither … nor

4. not only … but also

5. whether … or

Examples:

1. Both Ram and Shyam are intelligent.
   राम और श्याम दोनों बुद्धिमान हैं।

2. Either you study or you fail.
   या तो तुम पढ़ाई करो या फेल हो जाओ।

3. He is not only honest but also hardworking.
   वह सिर्फ ईमानदार ही नहीं बल्कि मेहनती भी है।

1. FOR (क्योंकि / कारण बताने के लिए)

For is used to give a reason. It is similar to because, but more formal and usually comes in the middle of a sentence.

For का प्रयोग कारण बताने के लिए किया जाता है। यह because जैसा होता है।

Examples:

1. I stayed at home, for it was raining.
   मैं घर पर रुका, क्योंकि बारिश हो रही थी।

2. He was punished, for he broke the rules.
   उसे सजा मिली, क्योंकि उसने नियम तोड़े।

3. She was happy, for she passed the exam.
   वह खुश थी, क्योंकि वह परीक्षा पास कर गई।

4. I cannot go out, for I am ill.
   मैं बाहर नहीं जा सकता, क्योंकि मैं बीमार हूँ।

5. The match was cancelled, for the weather was bad.
   मैच रद्द हो गया, क्योंकि मौसम खराब था।

2. AND (और)

And is used to add similar ideas or connect words, phrases, or sentences.

And का प्रयोग जोड़ने के लिए किया जाता है।

Examples:

1. Ram and Shyam are friends.
   राम और श्याम दोस्त हैं।

2. She sings and dances well.
   वह अच्छा गाती और नाचती है।

3. I bought a pen and a notebook.
   मैंने एक पेन और कॉपी खरीदी।

4. He opened the door and went outside.
   उसने दरवाज़ा खोला और बाहर चला गया।

5. She is kind and honest.
   वह दयालु और ईमानदार है।

3. NOR (न ही / और न ही)

Nor is used to connect two negative ideas.

Nor का प्रयोग दो नकारात्मक बातों को जोड़ने के लिए होता है।

Examples:

1. He did not call me, nor did he message me.
   उसने मुझे फोन नहीं किया, और न ही संदेश भेजा।

2. She cannot read, nor can she write.
   वह पढ़ नहीं सकती, और न ही लिख सकती है।

3. I like neither tea nor coffee.
   मुझे न चाय पसंद है और न ही कॉफी।

4. He was not angry, nor was he upset.
   वह न गुस्से में था, और न ही परेशान।

5. They did not help us, nor did they guide us.
   उन्होंने हमारी मदद नहीं की, और न ही मार्गदर्शन दिया।

4. BUT (लेकिन)

But is used to show contrast or opposition.

But का प्रयोग विरोध या अंतर दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है।

Examples:

1. He is poor but honest.
   वह गरीब है लेकिन ईमानदार है।

2. She worked hard but failed.
   उसने मेहनत की लेकिन असफल हो गई।

3. I want to go but I am busy.
   मैं जाना चाहता हूँ लेकिन व्यस्त हूँ।

4. He is intelligent but careless.
   वह बुद्धिमान है लेकिन लापरवाह है।

5. It was raining but we played.
   बारिश हो रही थी लेकिन हमने खेला।

5. OR (या / अथवा)

Or is used to show choice or alternative.

Or का प्रयोग विकल्प बताने के लिए किया जाता है।

Examples:

1. Study hard or you will fail.
   मेहनत से पढ़ो या तुम फेल हो जाओगे।

2. Is it red or blue?
   यह लाल है या नीला?

3. You can stay here or go home.
   तुम यहाँ रह सकते हो या घर जा सकते हो।

4. Take tea or coffee.
   चाय लो या कॉफी।

5. Hurry up or you will be late.
   जल्दी करो नहीं तो देर हो जाएगी।

6. YET (फिर भी / फिर भी लेकिन)

Yet shows unexpected contrast (similar to but).

Yet का प्रयोग तब होता है जब परिणाम उम्मीद के विपरीत हो।

Examples:

1. He is rich, yet unhappy.
   वह अमीर है, फिर भी दुखी है।

2. She was tired, yet she worked.
   वह थकी हुई थी, फिर भी उसने काम किया।

3. It was cold, yet he went out.
   ठंड थी, फिर भी वह बाहर गया।

4. He tried hard, yet failed.
   उसने बहुत कोशिश की, फिर भी असफल हुआ।

5. The task was difficult, yet she completed it.
   काम मुश्किल था, फिर भी उसने पूरा किया।

7. SO (इसलिए / अतः)

So is used to show result or effect.

So का प्रयोग परिणाम या नतीजा बताने के लिए किया जाता है।

Examples:

1. It was raining, so I stayed home.
   बारिश हो रही थी, इसलिए मैं घर पर रहा।

2. He was ill, so he did not come.
   वह बीमार था, इसलिए नहीं आया।

3. She worked hard, so she succeeded.
   उसने मेहनत की, इसलिए वह सफल हुई।

4. I was late, so I ran fast.
   मैं देर से था, इसलिए तेज़ दौड़ा।

5. The road was blocked, so we took another way.
   रास्ता बंद था, इसलिए हमने दूसरा रास्ता लिया।

FANBOYS – MCQs

1. He was tired ___ he continued working.
   a) and b) so c) but d) for

2. I stayed at home ___ it was raining.
   a) or b) for c) yet d) nor

3. She bought apples ___ oranges.
   a) but b) nor c) and d) so

4. Hurry up ___ you will be late.
   a) and b) or c) for d) yet

5. He is poor ___ honest.
   a) so b) and c) but d) or

6. He did not call me ___ did he message me.
   a) but b) nor c) so d) and

7. It was cold ___ he went outside.
   a) yet b) so c) and d) for

8. Work hard ___ you will pass.
   a) but b) or c) and d) yet

9. She was ill ___ she did not attend the class.
   a) but b) or c) so d) nor

10. I like tea ___ coffee.
    a) nor b) yet c) and d) for

11. He did not study ___ he failed the exam.
    a) yet b) so c) and d) nor

12. She is rich ___ unhappy.
    a) but b) and c) so d) for

13. Take a pen ___ a pencil.
    a) and b) nor c) or d) yet

14. He was late ___ he ran fast.
    a) but b) so c) nor d) and

15. I wanted to help ___ I was busy.
    a) so b) and c) but d) for

16. She can neither sing ___ dance.
    a) or b) and c) nor d) yet

17. He opened the door ___ went out.
    a) but b) so c) and d) or

18. The weather was bad ___ the match was cancelled.
    a) yet b) so c) nor d) and

19. He is intelligent ___ careless.
    a) or b) and c) but d) so

20. Study well ___ you will fail.
    a) or b) and c) so d) yet

21. She tried hard ___ she failed.
    a) but b) so c) and d) for

22. He cannot read ___ write properly.
    a) and b) or c) nor d) so

23. I was hungry ___ I cooked food.
    a) but b) so c) yet d) nor

24. He is old ___ strong.
    a) so b) but c) nor d) or

25. She danced ___ sang on the stage.
    a) or b) but c) and d) yet

26. It was raining ___ we played football.
    a) so b) but c) and d) nor

27. He did not help me ___ did he guide me.
    a) and b) so c) nor d) but

28. I will call you ___ I reach home.
    a) but b) and c) so d) nor

29. She is weak ___ she is confident.
    a) yet b) so c) and d) for

30. Read carefully ___ you may make mistakes.
    a) and b) or c) so d) yet

31. He was absent ___ he was sick.
    a) but b) so c) for d) nor

32. She likes neither milk ___ tea.
    a) or b) nor c) and d) yet

33. He is tall ___ thin.
    a) but b) and c) so d) nor

34. The road was blocked ___ we took another way.
    a) but b) yet c) so d) nor

35. I tried to wake him ___ he did not respond.
    a) but b) so c) and d) or

36. She was tired ___ she completed the work.
    a) so b) yet c) and d) for

37. You must hurry ___ you will miss the bus.
    a) and b) or c) so d) yet

38. He did not apologize ___ did he explain.
    a) or b) nor c) and d) so

39. I like reading ___ writing.
    a) or b) nor c) and d) but

40. He was honest ___ everyone trusted him.
    a) but b) yet c) so d) nor

41. She wanted to go ___ it was too late.
    a) and b) but c) so d) for

42. The box was heavy ___ he lifted it easily.
    a) so b) yet c) and d) nor

43. You can sit here ___ stand outside.
    a) but b) and c) so d) or

44. He was punished ___ he broke the rules.
    a) so b) for c) but d) nor

45. I called him ___ he did not answer.
    a) so b) and c) but d) for

46. She cannot speak ___ understand English well.
    a) or b) nor c) and d) so

47. He worked hard ___ he succeeded.
    a) but b) nor c) so d) yet

48. I was sleepy ___ I kept studying.
    a) so b) yet c) and d) for

49. Take an umbrella ___ it may rain.
    a) so b) for c) but d) nor

50. He wanted to win ___ he did not practice.
    a) so b) yet c) and d) for

Answer Key

1 c, 2 b, 3 c, 4 b, 5 c, 6 b, 7 a, 8 b, 9 c, 10 c, 11 b, 12 a, 13 c, 14 b, 15 c, 16 c, 17 c, 18 b, 19 c, 20 a, 21 a, 22 c, 23 b, 24 b, 25 c, 26 b, 27 c, 28 b, 29 a, 30 b, 31 c, 32 b, 33 b, 34 c, 35 a, 36 b, 37 b, 38 b, 39 c, 40 c, 41 b, 42 b, 43 d, 44 b, 45 c, 46 b, 47 c, 48 b, 49 b, 50 b