A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun so that we do not repeat the same name or thing again and again. For example, instead of saying “Ravi is a good boy. Ravi plays cricket,” we can say “Ravi is a good boy. He plays cricket.” Here, “he” is a pronoun. Pronouns make sentences shorter, clearer, and more natural. They work by referring back to a noun (called an antecedent) that has already been mentioned or is understood from the context. Common pronouns include words like he, she, it, they, we, you, I.
Example:
रवि मेरा दोस्त है। वह मेरे घर के पास रहता है। वह अच्छी तरह पढ़ाई करता है, और मैं उसे पसंद करता हूँ क्योंकि वह हमेशा मेरी मदद करता है।
समझें:
- Ravi - संज्ञा (noun)
- He - “Ravi” के लिए प्रयोग हुआ pronoun (वह)
- my - मेरा (संबंध बताने वाला pronoun)
- him - “Ravi” के लिए दोबारा प्रयोग हुआ pronoun (उसे)
यहाँ pronouns (He, my, him) का उपयोग इसलिए किया गया है ताकि “Ravi” शब्द को बार-बार न दोहराना पड़े और वाक्य सरल व प्राकृतिक लगे।
The main types of pronouns are:
Interrogative Pronoun
Relative Pronoun
Demonstrative Pronoun
Distributive Pronoun
Indefinite Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun
Reciprocal Pronoun
Emphatic Pronouns
1. Personal Pronoun
A personal pronoun is a word that we use instead of a noun to refer to a person, place, or thing. It helps us avoid repeating the same noun again and again in a sentence. Common personal pronouns include words like I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. For example, instead of saying “Rahul is a good boy. Rahul plays cricket,” we can say “Rahul is a good boy. He plays cricket.” Here, “he” is a personal pronoun that replaces “Rahul.”
हिंदी में, Personal Pronoun (पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम) वह शब्द होता है जो किसी संज्ञा (व्यक्ति, स्थान या वस्तु) की जगह प्रयोग किया जाता है ताकि बार-बार उस संज्ञा को दोहराना न पड़े। जैसे — I, you, he, she, it, we, they आदि। उदाहरण के लिए: “Rahul is a good boy. He plays cricket.” यहाँ “he” शब्द “Rahul” की जगह प्रयोग हुआ है, इसलिए यह Personal Pronoun है।
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Personal Pronouns Table |
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Person |
Refers to (Explanation) |
Subject Pronoun |
Object Pronoun |
|
First Person |
Speaker (the one who is
speaking) |
I, We |
Me, Us |
|
Second Person |
Listener (the one who is
being spoken to) |
You |
You |
|
Third Person |
Other person, place,
animal, or thing |
He, She, It, They |
Him, Her, It, Them |
Explanation (English + Hindi)
Personal pronouns are divided into three persons:
-
First Person (Speaker)
👉 The person who is speaking.
👉 I, We (Subject) / Me, Us (Object)
👉 हिंदी: बोलने वाला व्यक्ति (जैसे: मैं, हम) -
Second Person (Listener)
👉 The person who is listening.
👉 You (Subject & Object)
👉 हिंदी: जिससे बात की जा रही है (जैसे: तुम, आप) -
Third Person (Other person or thing)
👉 The person or thing being talked about.
👉 He, She, It, They (Subject) / Him, Her, It, Them (Object)
👉 हिंदी: जिसके बारे में बात की जा रही है (जैसे: वह, वे, यह)
A subjective pronoun is a pronoun that works as the subject of a sentence, meaning it tells us who is doing the action. Common subjective pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. For example: “She is पढ़ रही है (studying).” Here, “she” is doing the action, so it is a subjective pronoun. On the other hand, an objective pronoun is used as the object of a sentence, meaning it receives the action. Common objective pronouns are me, you, him, her, it, us, and them. For example: “Rahul called her.” Here, “her” is receiving the action of being called, so it is an objective pronoun. In simple words, subjective = doer (काम करने वाला) and objective = receiver (जिस पर काम होता है).
हिंदी में, Subjective Pronoun वह सर्वनाम होता है जो वाक्य में कर्ता (काम करने वाला) के रूप में आता है, जैसे I, you, he, she, it, we, they। उदाहरण: “She पढ़ रही है।” यहाँ “she” काम कर रही है, इसलिए यह Subjective Pronoun है। वहीं Objective Pronoun वह सर्वनाम होता है जो वाक्य में कर्म (जिस पर काम होता है) के रूप में आता है, जैसे me, you, him, her, it, us, them। उदाहरण: “Rahul ने her को बुलाया।” यहाँ “her” पर काम हो रहा है, इसलिए यह Objective Pronoun है। आसान भाषा में, Subjective = करने वाला (Doer) और Objective = जिस पर काम होता है (Receiver)।
1. I → Me
English: I am calling you. / You are calling me.
Hindi: मैं तुम्हें बुला रहा हूँ। / तुम मुझे बुला रहे हो।
2. You → You
English: You are my friend. / I respect you.
Hindi: तुम मेरे दोस्त हो। / मैं तुम्हारा सम्मान करता हूँ।
3. He → Him
English: He is playing. / I saw him.
Hindi: वह खेल रहा है। / मैंने उसे देखा।
4. She → Her
English: She is singing. / I called her.
Hindi: वह गा रही है। / मैंने उसे बुलाया।
5. It → It
English: It is a dog. / I fed it.
Hindi: यह एक कुत्ता है। / मैंने इसे खाना दिया।
6. We → Us
English: We are ready. / They invited us.
Hindi: हम तैयार हैं। / उन्होंने हमें बुलाया।
7. They → Them
English: They are coming. / I met them.
Hindi: वे आ रहे हैं। / मैं उनसे मिला।
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