Pronoun

 

Pronoun – Definition (English | Hindi)

A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition and to make sentences smoother and clearer.

सर्वनाम वह शब्द होता है जो संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयोग किया जाता है, ताकि बार-बार संज्ञा को दोहराने से बचा जा सके और वाक्य सरल व स्पष्ट बने।

Example: 

Amit was a hardworking teacher. Amit loved teaching English. Amit helped Amit’s students every day. One day, Amit realized repetition sounded awkward, so he used pronouns. He improved his language. Now he teaches confidently, and his students understand him better.

What happened here?

1. Amit - he

2. Amit’s - his

3. Amit - him

The pronouns stopped repetition and made the story natural.

The main types of pronouns are:

1. Personal Pronoun

2. Interrogative Pronoun

3. Relative Pronoun

4. Demonstrative Pronoun

5. Distributive Pronoun

6. Indefinite Pronoun

7. Reflexive Pronoun

8. Reciprocal Pronoun

9. Emphatic Pronouns

1. Personal Pronoun

What is a Personal Pronoun?

A personal pronoun refers to a specific person, place, animal, or thing.

एक व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम (Personal Pronoun) किसी विशेष व्यक्ति, स्थान, जानवर या वस्तु की ओर संकेत करता है।

Examples:

1. I am learning English.

2. We are ready for the test.

3. You are very punctual.

4. He teaches grammar clearly.

5. She loves reading novels.

6. It is raining today.

7. They are waiting outside.

8. Please help me.

9. I met him yesterday.

10. The teacher praised her.

Key Points to Remember

1. This / These - used for near objects

2. That / Those - used for far objects

3. This / That - singular

4. These / Those - plural

2. Interrogative Pronoun

What is an Interrogative Pronoun?

An interrogative pronoun is used to ask questions. It refers to something unknown.

एक Interrogative Pronoun (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम) का प्रयोग प्रश्न पूछने के लिए किया जाता है। यह किसी अज्ञात व्यक्ति, वस्तु या बात की ओर संकेत करता है।

Common interrogative pronouns: Who, whom, whose, what, which

Examples:

1. Who is knocking at the door?

2. Whom did you meet yesterday?

3. Whose book is this?

4. What is your name?

5. Which is your favorite subject?

6. Who taught you English?

7. Whom should I call now?

8. What happened here?

9. Which of these is correct?

10. Whose idea was this?

3. Relative Pronoun

What is a Relative Pronoun?

A relative pronoun connects a noun with a clause and gives more information about the noun.

Relative Pronoun किसी noun (संज्ञा) को एक clause (उपवाक्य) से जोड़ता है और उस noun के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी देता है

Common relative pronouns: Who, whom, whose, which, that

Examples:

1. This is the boy who won the prize.

2. The teacher whom we respect is here.

3. I know the man whose wallet was lost.

4. This is the book which I bought yesterday.

5. She is the girl that topped the class.

6. The car which is parked outside is mine.

7. He is a person who helps others.

8. The student whose result improved is happy.

9. This is the pen that I lost.

10. I met a woman who speaks French.

Important Notes (Very Useful for Students)

1. Who / Whom - only for people

2. Which - for animals and things

3. That - for people, animals, and things (most common)

4. Whose - shows possession

5. Where, When, Why - used with place, time, and reason

6. What - used without a noun before it

4. Demonstrative Pronoun

What is a Demonstrative Pronoun?

A demonstrative pronoun is used to point out a specific person or thing.

एक संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम (Demonstrative Pronoun) का प्रयोग किसी विशेष व्यक्ति या वस्तु की ओर संकेत करने के लिए किया जाता है।

Common demonstrative pronouns: This, that, these, those

Examples:

1. This is my house.

2. That was a wonderful movie.

3. These are my books.

4. Those are your shoes.

5. This looks expensive.

6. That is not true.

7. These are very useful.

8. Those were difficult days.

9. This is what I wanted.

10. Those are the rules.

5. Distributive Pronoun

What is a Distributive Pronoun?

A distributive pronoun refers to one person or thing at a time, even when talking about many.

Distributive Pronoun एक-एक व्यक्ति या वस्तु की ओर संकेत करता है, भले ही बात कई लोगों या वस्तुओं की हो।

Common distributive pronouns: Each, either, neither

Examples:

1. Each of the students was rewarded.

2. Either of the two roads leads to the village.

3. Neither of the answers is correct.

4. Each must do his duty.

5. Either option is acceptable.

6. Neither boy was present.

7. Each of us tried our best.

8. Either side can win the match.

9. Neither of them agreed.

10. Each one deserves respect.

Common Mistakes (Avoid ❌)

❌ Each students are late.
✔️ Each student is late.

❌ Neither of the answers are correct.
✔️ Neither of the answers is correct.

6. Indefinite Pronoun

What is an Indefinite Pronoun?

An indefinite pronoun refers to persons or things not definite or not specific.

अनिश्चित सर्वनाम ऐसे व्यक्ति या वस्तु को संदर्भित करता है जो निश्चित या विशेष नहीं होते हैं।

Common indefinite pronouns: Someone, someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, something, nothing, all, many, few

Examples:

1. Someone is calling you.

2. Anyone can make mistakes.

3. Everyone wants success.

4. Nobody was present there.

5. Something is wrong here.

6. Nothing is impossible.

7. Many are invited to the party.

8. Few understand the problem.

9. All are welcome here.

10. Somebody left this bag.

7. Reflexive Pronoun

What is a Reflexive Pronoun?

A reflexive pronoun is used when the subject and object are the same.

एक reflexive pronoun (स्वयंवाचक सर्वनाम) तब उपयोग किया जाता है जब क्रिया का कर्ता (subject) और कर्म (object) एक ही व्यक्ति या वस्तु होते हैं।

Common reflexive pronouns: Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Examples:

1. I hurt myself.

2. He blamed himself for the mistake.

3. She prepared herself for the exam.

4. The child injured himself.

5. We enjoyed ourselves at the party.

6. She looked at herself in the mirror.

7. You should control yourself.

8. They introduced themselves.

9. The machine stopped itself.

10. I taught myself English.

8. Reciprocal Pronoun

What is a Reciprocal Pronoun?

A reciprocal pronoun shows mutual action or relationship between two or more persons.

एक पारस्परिक सर्वनाम (Reciprocal Pronoun) दो या दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों के बीच आपसी क्रिया या संबंध को दर्शाता है।

Common reciprocal pronouns: Each other, one another

Examples:

1. They love each other.

2. The students helped one another.

3. We respect each other.

4. The two friends trust each other.

5. The players encouraged one another.

6. The sisters care for each other.

7. The teams congratulated each other.

8. They blamed one another for the loss.

9. We should support each other.

10. The neighbors greeted one another.

9. Emphatic Pronouns

Used to emphasize a noun or pronoun, always ends with -self / -selves.
(It is similar to reflexive, but only for emphasis, not action)

Noun (संज्ञा) या Pronoun(सर्वनाम) पर ज़ोर देने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाता है, हमेशा -self / -selves पर समाप्त होता है। (यह reflexive pronoun जैसा है, लेकिन केवल जोर देने के लिए होता है, क्रिया करने के लिए नहीं।)

Examples:

1. I myself will do it.

2. She herself cooked dinner.

3. He himself solved the problem.

4. We ourselves completed the project.

5. They themselves decorated the hall.

6. You yourself said it.

7. The manager himself attended the meeting.

8. The children themselves cleaned the room.

9. The president himself signed the document.

10. I myself bought this gift.

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